Kawlram cu Independence kan hmuh cangka in hriamtlai phu chuahhram aa thawk colh. Parliament democracy kan hman chung (1984-1962) ah Communist phu le Karen, Mon, Kachin tbk hriamtlai a chuak.
1962 kum ah Ne Win nih uknak a lak hnu in hriamtlai an karh. Shan an tho, Karenni an tho, Chin kan tho, Arakan an tho. Miphun tling in hriam an tlai cang _ miphun teng-nge zeimawzat zong an tho. Nain 1988 tiang ah Kawl ralkap nih buaipi awktlak in a thawng khomi cu Communist, Karen, Kachin le Shan lawng an si.
1988 kum ah Saw Maung nih uknak a lak than. Kawl tiang an tho cang. Chin kan tho than, Mon an i hrim, Karenni an i hrim. Ramkulh kip ah miphun teng-nge hriamtlai an karh. Caan a rau lo. Independence hnu in hriamtlai hmasa bik Communist cu 1989 kum ah an ziam. A cheukhat phu tampi ah an i then. A cheu Kawl ralkap kut ah an i ap. A cheu an hun i hrim than ve. Kum 2020 tiang ah hriamtlai a chuak balmi dihlak 100 lengkai a si – aa ap cia mi he, a tlau cia mi he telh in.
Kum 2021 uknak an lak than. Hriamtlai thar chuahhram an hun i thawk cuahmah. Chin chung lila zong in phu thum an chuak cang. Khuaruahhar ding cu a si lo. Phu thar chuah chim lo, a um ciami phu zong aa then mi an tampi ko.
Amahbelte, phu tampi ser le a umcia mi i then tbk khi caansau (long-term) ca ruah taktak ahcun a poinak a rak tampi ve. Miphun dang nih zeidah an ton bal, Chin nih zeidah kan ton bal timi case study tlawmpal kan zoh hna lai.
Karen hriamtlai
Karen hriamtlai hi rak kekkuai tuk hna hlah selaw Independence hmanh an lak khawh cang hnga. Hriamtlai vialte lak ah controlled area kau bik a ngeimi an rak si. KNU chung ah Khrifa le Buddhist karlak buainak in aa thawk i, Buddhist phu lei tang paoh Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) minthar in an chuak. An chuah tlawmpal ah Kawl ralkap nih an lemsoi khawh i DKBA le Kawl ralkap i bawm in KNU an rak kah hna. Hmunhma tampi an sung. KNU headquarter Manerplaw zong a sungh thainak kha a si.
DKBA lila zong cu Kawl ralkap nih an hun nawnnok hawi hna i, a then Kawl ralkap kuttang Border Guard Force (BGF) ah an lut. BGF ah tel a duh lomi an Brigade-5 kha DKBA-5 tiin an taang. An hun i then hnu in, an minthing i 'Buddhist' kha 'Benevolent' ah an thlen. Atu NCA minthu mi phu 10 lak ah khin an i tel ve.
KNU lila zong cu an tluang dih ve hoi lo. Kum 2007 KNU CEC theihpinak tel loin Kawl ralkap he biaruahnak a tuahmi Brigade-7 commander Maj. Gen. Saw Htay Maung kha KNU nih an rak phuah. Cu nih cun an Brigade ning in a chuahpi hna i, KNU/KNLA Peace Council (PC) tiin an hun i then than. Annih zong NCA minthu mi phu 10 ah an i tel.
Shan hriamtlai
Atu lio Shan hriamtlai lak ah thawng bik tiah ruahmi RCSS/SSA khi 1996 ah rak dirhmi a si. Annih zong hi bing siangpahrang Khun Sa nih a hruaimi SURA (Mong Tai Army hlun) ah a rak ummi an si. Khun Sa nih Kawl cozah kut ah (1996) aa ap caah Gen. Yawd Serk hruaimi phu nih an duh lo i min dang in a taangmi an si.
RCSS/SSA a hun thawn deuh khunnak hi SSNA he an hun i fonh than caah a si. SSNA zong hi Khun Sa nih a rak dirhmi Mong Tai Army ah a rak ummi an si. Khun Sa nih bing siipuazi a tuah tukmi kha an rem lo i, SSNA minthar in an chuak. Kum 2004 hrawng ah khan Kawl ralkap nih Wa aa sawm i, ceilak in an rak phomh hna an hruaitu hna zong zeimawtzat an tlaih hna. Cu hnu cun, 2005 ah RCSS he an hun i fonh than hi a si. Kawlram hriamtlai tuanbia ka banh khawh tawk ah aa fonh than khomi anmah lawng an si rih.
Shan hriamtlai ah tuanbia a ngei deuhmi SSPP/SSA khi 1964 in rak dirhmi a si. Kawlram president hmasa bik Sao Shwe Thaik nupi Sao Nang Hearn Kham nih a rak dirhmi a si. 1989 ah Kawl ralkap nih kahngolhnak minthut i, Border Guard Force ah thlen an rak fial hna. A cheukhat an lut i, a duh lomi an tan caah atu SSPP/SSA khi an si. RCSS le SSPP hi Shanram chaklei thlang tiin a ummi an si. Hmunhma i cuh ruang, siipuazi ruang tbk ah mah le mah aa kap lengmangmi an si.
Shanram ahhin anmah Shan miphun hriamtlai an i thenthek hlei ah Shan ramkulh chung i, a ummi miphun dang pawl nih khin hriamtlai an ngei dih. Ta’ang, Pa’O, Kokang, Mongla, Wa, Lahu, Lisu le Shanni tiang nih khin hriamtlai an ngei. Cu hriamtlai vialte zong cu an i then hoi hna i, BGF ah a lut na, civil militia tiin a um na an si hna. Cucaah Shan ramkulh khi cu Federal kong ceih zong ah a dangte in ceihpi an hau lai an ti tawn. Kawl ralkap i rawk in federal tlamtling ngei kho hmanh silaw Shanram cu caan saupi tiang a buai chap rih lai.
Wa hriamtlai le Kawl ralkap
Kawlram tlangcung hriamtlai lak ah a thawng bik tiah hun theih mi UWSA (Wa) kha 17 April 1989 lawng in rak dirhmi a si. Communist Party of Burma (CPB) hriamtlai phu in a chuak mi phu an rak si ve. CPB in a chuakmi UWSA cu Kawl cozah nih a komh riangmang i hriamnam he minung thazaang he a bawmh. CPB cu an rak hloh khawh colh hna. Tlawmpal ah Kawl cozah le UWSA cu kahngolnak min an thu i, zalong taktak in a chiah hna.
Mah cucu UWSA nih caantha aa lak i, bing cinnak le siipuazi dangdang a tuah. Ralkap le hriamnam a hun i sersiam ciammam i, Kawl ralkap nih a hun theih tik ahcun tei awk tha lo tiang in a rak thawng cang. Federal nakin a sang deuhmi, independent ram tluk dengmang in an zalong cang.
Kawl ralkap nih a kah ngam ti lo caah a komh tu in a komh cang. Siipuazi pin ah ralkap training tiang an tuahti. Shan hriamtlai cheukhat pawl zong khi a kahpi tawn hna. Atutan uknak a lak hnu zong ah khan a va lemsoi hna – hriamtlai dang kahpi ding theo ah a si lai.
Chin hriamtlai
Independence hnu in Chin nih kan ngeih hmasa bik hriamtlai cu Hrang Nawl tapung tiah rak theihmi kha si. 1964 ah India ram ah a rak dirh. Pu Hrang Nawl hi paraltha, a chan lio i cathiam mifim a si pin ah ramkhel lei hmuhtonnak ngei a si. Ralkap zong zeimawzat cu an rak ngei manh. Nain a hriamtlai chan a tawi. October 1965 ah Shillong siizung ah an rak tlaih.
Mah dih in Chin Army timi hi a rak um ve. Chin Army (CA) cu Asho Chin miphun Pu Win Maung nih a rak dirhmi a si. A rak dirh kum le caan belte fiang in theih a si lo. Pu Win Maung a pa cu Communist Party of Burma (CPB) chungtel hlun a rak si (Interview with Pu Thomas Thang Nou, 2018, Aizawl). CA cu phu hmetuai deuh a si ve. Chin mi tampi zong nih kan thei theng lai lo. CNF dirhtu Pu Tial Khal, le Ro Za Thang te pawl he zong khan a rak i komhawi ngaimi an rak si. Pu Win Maung a thih hnu in CA zong cu a konglam theih a si ti lo.
Mah dih cun CNF hi 1988 kum ah Pu Tial Khal le a hawile nih an hun dirh. CNF dirhnak kong cu zapi ti awk nih hngalh a si caah ka langhter chap ti lai lo. India ralkap le Kawl ralkap i bawm in Northeast hriamtlai le CNF an rak kah lio hna ah information petu ah Chin Army an rak hmannak kong tu ka van langhter lai.
1995 kum ah India ralkap le Kawl ralkap i bawm in Operation Golden Bird (OGB) tiah min an bunh iBangladesh ram in Northeast (India) lei ah hriamnam luhpi aa timmi Northeast hriamtlai pawl [NSC-IM, ULFA, PLA, ATTF] le CNF/A an rak kah hna. CNF nih hriamnam phurh an bawmh hna tiah India ralkap nih an rak puh hna caah CNF zong kahchih ding ah an rak i tel hi a si (Rumel Dahiya, 2016).
Hi India-Myanmar Joint Operation caah hin lamsul, hmunhma le hriamtlai pawl cawlcanghnak kong (information) chim ding in India ralkap nih Chin Army (CA) an rak sawm hna. CA lawng si loin National Unity Party of Arakan (NUPA) le Shanti Bahini timi Bangladesh hriamtlai zong an rak sawm chih hna. Nain CA lawng nih hin an rak bawmh hna (Rumel Dahiya, 2016).
CNF ralkap chung ahhin i kahnak in a thimi cu an rak um hraw lo. Amahbelte, hi Operation lio ah a rak i tel mi India ralkap Rumel Dahiya nih a tial ning ahcun Indian Border Security Force (BSF) nih Parva ah CNF upa pathum kan tlaih hna a ti. An min cu a langhter lo nain Pu Sang Hlun le a hawile [Pu Thawng Mang le Pu Kung Ling] kha si dawh an si. Pu Sang Hlun cu Aizawl i Assam Rifle quarter ah khin an hremnak ah a nunnak a liam. Pu Thawng Mang tu cu a umnak theih thai a si lo. Pu Kung Ling tu cu an thlah than (Interview with Thomas Thang Nou, 2018, Aizawl).
CNF thazaang dernak hrihhram
CNF tuanbia aa thawkka ahcun India cozah he pehtlaihnak a rak tha ngai. A ruang bik cu vawlei cung democracy ram ngan bik India nih ralkap uknak cozah a dohtu bawmh a poi ah a chia lo. An ram ah thate in an rak cohlan hna i, Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi chan lio hna ahcun phaisa fang tiang zong an rak bawmh bal hna. KIA zong khi India nih a bawmh balmi ah aa tel. Nain caan rau lo te ah hnu a hun chit than hna. Hihi a ruang pahnih in hmuh khawh a si.
Pakhatnak cu ruah lopi in India cozah ramleng pehtlaihnak (Foreign policy) a hun i thleng. Kum 1962-1991 karlak kha India cozah nih Kawl cozah he pehtlaihnak tha a ser duh bal lo – Ralkap nih uknak an tlaih ruang ah. Cu lio ah India nih hawikom tha bik a rak ngeihmi USSR (atu Russia) kha 1991 kum ah a rawk. Cu hnu cun India cozah nih hawi thar kawl a hun i thawk i, Kawl ralkap cozah he zong pehtlaihnak ser hram a thawk than. Hi ruang ahhin Kawl ralkap a dohmi hriamtlai pawl bawmh kha policy ning in a har cang.
Pahnihnak cu CNF le Northeast hriamtlai karlak ah pehtlaihnak a um ti kha India cozah nih an hun theih. Cu ruang ahcun OGB zong ah target ah an i telnak kha a si i, India ralkap zong nih OGB ah Kawl ralkap a rak sawmnak kha a si.
India cozah hnu chit an rak tonmi hi CNF caah zuamcawhnak ngan taktak ah a hun i chuah i, an thazaang zong duhsah duhsah in a hun der thluahmahnak kha a si. Kum 2005 ah Mizoram ramri ah hrambunh mi Camp Victoria kha Mizoram Palek nih an rak hrawh piak hna. Hi zong hi India rampi cozah he hnuchitnak a ummi result a si.
Kum 1992 hrawng ah CNF chung ah thencheunak nganpi a rak ummi nih a hnupi tiang a hun hnuarsuan. Pu Sang Hlun te Parva i an rak tlaih lio hna zong kha report tu an ngeih ruang ah, ti si. India cozah nih CNF le Northeast hriamtlai pawl karlak pehtlaihnak kong an theih dihnak zong kha a dikthiar in a phuangtu an um ruang ah a rak si.
Nain khat lei ah a thatnak leikap in ruah khawhmi a um ve. Karen hriamtlai te Shan hriamtlai te hna bantuk in a chunglei buainak ruang ah CNF hi phu hnih in rak i then sual selaw atu nakin thil a poi deuh khomi a si. Phu khatkhat paoh cu Kawl ralkap nawnnok mi ah khin a rak i chuah men ko hnga.
Biafunnak
Chin dothlennak a hlawhtling lo ngai rih ti cu pom cio khawh a si ko. Pu Hrang Nawl Tapung a chan tawi. Chin Army (CA) nehnang a ngei lo tluk a si. Kan unau zomi pawl nih an dirhmi ZRA khi nehnang ngei lo an si ve rih. Tlangcung hriamtlai phu lak hmanh ahkhin hawikom an i kawl kho ve lo. UNFC chan lio hna ah khan membership an rak hal ve nain an pe hna lo. Atu CNF hi nehnang ngei deuh ah kan hun ngeihmi a si. Uknak lak lio ah active ralkap thazaang 250 fai lawng an ngei nain peace process chung vialte EAO hna lakah a biapi mi hmunhma tampi an lak khawh.
Nain CNF lila zong cu Chin a kan huap dih kho lo, kan ti. Nizan nai phu thar a chuak mi pawl bia zong ah “CNF nih a kan huap kho dih lo” cu teh, ti deuh a si rua. Nain phu thar kan dirhmi lila zong cu Chin huapter timh in dirhmi si dawh a si lo. Pengtlang huap deuh in a si. “Chin huap theng a hau lo, Kawl ralkap a doh mi lawngte kan si ko caah kanmah pengkulh huap cio in hriam kan tlai la le kan rak doh ve ko lai” timi ruahnak a um. Cucu caan tawite ca lawng ruah ahcun a poi hnga lo. Caan sau ca belte ahcun tih a nung. A cunglei ah ka langhter Kawlram chung miphun tampi nih kan ton bal cangmi tuanbia zoh in aa thei ko.
Mah kutke le mah hriamnam cio in um cang hnu ahcun i fonh than zong a har tuk cang. SSNA nih RCSS sin an vai i fonh hmanh kha a rawk ding dirhmun an phanh cang caah a si. Arakan miphun khi hriamtlai pathum an ngei – ANC, ALP le AA. NCA hnatlaknak kong ceih lio hrawng ah khan i fonhnak kong an rak ceih ngai nain aa fonh kho ding phun an si lo. Phu tampi ah aa then cangmi Karen, Karenni, Shan tbk hriamtlai pawl zong hi i fonh ah a tha ti cu an theih dih cio ko nain an i fonh kho lo.
Biahmaisa ah ka langhter cang bang, hriamtlai phu 100 lengkai a chuak bal nain Kawl ralkap nih buaipi awk tlak ah a ruahmi cu kutdong khiahzat lawng a si. Kan ral Kawl ralkap nih a rak tih bikmi hi a um cia mi phu an i sersiam i an thawn ding khi a si. Cucaah phu ngan deuh paoh kahngolnak tuahpi i, pumpak hlawknak phu an duhmi paoh a tuah piak tawn hnanak khi a si. Cutin hriamtlai phu hei kehkuaiter kha a si. Thawng huaha tung loin phu tampi va ser len khi cu a tih lo. A saduhthah tu khi a si - amah i thlak len hau loin kan buai lengmang ko caah.
A tawinak in, phu i then tih a nun bantuk in phu hme tete rak um tung zong caan sau ca ruah ahcun i then tluk in tih a nung ve. Cucaah ruahnak cheu kho tu dirhmun ah khin hei dir ning law, a caan a tlai hlan ah hriamtlai phu kan ngeihmi pawl tha tein bia an i ruah than a hau ti hi si hnga…!